AND

Check if all conditions are true with AND, which returns TRUE only when every test passes.

Logical
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Excel All versions
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Google Sheets Supported

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Syntax

=AND(logical1, logical2, ...) Returns: Boolean

Arguments

Argument Required Description
logical1 Yes The first condition or expression to be evaluated.
logical2 No The second condition or expression to be evaluated.
... No Additional conditions or expressions to be evaluated.

About

Use AND when you need to verify that multiple conditions are all true before taking action. The function tests each condition you give it and returns TRUE only if every single one passes. If even one condition fails, AND returns FALSE.

This makes AND perfect for scenarios where everything needs to line up. Say you're calculating sales bonuses that require both a sales target and customer satisfaction score to be met. Or you're validating data entry where a number must fall within a specific range. Combine AND with IF to create formulas that make decisions based on multiple criteria.

When you need to check if at least one condition is true (rather than all), use OR instead. For more complex scenarios with multiple outcomes, check out IFS.

Examples

Text value comparisons

See how AND works with text values. You must use comparison operators like = to check text. Change "Paid" to "Pending" in row 2 and watch the result flip to FALSE.

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Multiple range validation

Use AND to validate multiple ranges at once. This quality control check ensures weight, length, and temperature all fall within spec. Edit any value outside its range to see the check fail.

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Watch out for

⚠

Mixing data types

AND expects logical values (TRUE/FALSE). If you pass text or numbers directly without comparison operators, you'll get a #VALUE! error.

→ Always use comparison operators to create logical tests: use =AND(A1>10, B1<20) instead of =AND(A1, B1). Each argument should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.

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Confusing AND with OR

Using AND when you actually need OR leads to unexpected results. AND requires all conditions to be true, while OR only needs one.

→ If you want to check if at least one condition is true, use OR instead. Use AND only when every condition must pass.

⚠

Empty cells in ranges

When AND evaluates a range containing empty cells, it ignores them rather than treating them as FALSE, which can produce unexpected results.

→ If empty cells matter to your logic, explicitly test for them using ISBLANK or COUNTBLANK before using AND.

Tips & notes

AND can test up to 255 conditions in a single formula. Empty cells within ranges are ignored, not treated as FALSE. Text values and cells containing text are also ignored unless you're comparing them with operators like = or <>.

Common questions

What happens if I give AND only one condition?

AND will work fine with just one condition, but it's unnecessary. If you only have one test, just use that condition directly in your formula. AND is useful when you have two or more conditions to check.

Can I use AND without the IF function?

Yes, AND works on its own and returns TRUE or FALSE. You'll see TRUE or FALSE in the cell. However, it's most commonly used inside IF to control what happens based on whether all conditions are met.

How is AND different from using multiple nested IF statements?

AND is cleaner and easier to read than nesting multiple IFs. Instead of =IF(A1>10, IF(B1<20, "Yes", "No"), "No"), you can write =IF(AND(A1>10, B1<20), "Yes", "No"). Both work, but AND makes your intent clearer.

Practice this function

Practicing and, or, and if

Beginner

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IF with AND

Intermediate

Approve a loan only if credit score > 700 AND income > $50,000.

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